#Landholder's Society - 1837 - Founder - Dwarkanath Tagore - Place - Kolkata - Other Members - Radhakant Deb, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Rajkamal Sen, Bhabani Charan Mitra, Objectives - It was an association of landholders of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and its principal objective was to guard its class interests, Membership - also extended to non-official Britishers engaged in Trade and Commerce in Bengal, It was the first to adopt the path of Constitutional Demonstration for the fulfilment of its objectives, Spread - it failed to take root in areas outside the Bengal Presidency, where the Permanent Settlement was not in vogue, Suppression - It became inactive around 1842, although it maintained a precarious existence till 1850. The Bengal British India Society took its place.
# Bengal British India Society - 1843 - Place - Calcutta, Aim - to promote good citizenship qualities in the Indian people, raise public awareness about the state of governance, and work toward their realisation through peaceful and legal means consistent with loyalty to the person and government of the reigning sovereign in England.
#Brittish Indian Association - 1851, Place - Calcutta - President - Raja Radhakant Deb & Secretary -Debendranath Tagore, Other Members - Ramgopal Ghosh, Peary Chand Mitra and Krishandas Pal, Membership - was exclusive to Indians, Objective - To secure improvements in the local administration of the country and in the system of government laid down by Parliament
#Bengal Association - 1852, place - Calcutta, Aim - It petitioned the British Parliament to form an Indian Legislative Council entirely composed of Indians Only, It also condemned the policy of excluding Indians from all higher - level positions, as well as the lavish spending on Eruopean postings.
#Madras Native Organisation MNA - 1852 - Chennai - Founder - Gajula Lakshminarasu Chetty - it was first Indian political association to be formed in the Madras presidency, it was the political centre of the presidency's landed gentry, who had grievances against company rule. Factors that led to the establishment of the organisation: The impending discussion in the British Parliament regarding company rule in India provided the impetus for MNA's formation, Dissatisfied with the Company administration, the MNA petitioned the British Parliament to end the company regime following the passage of the Charter Act of 1853. The association presented the ryot's griveances under the land settlement systems in its first petition to Parliament in 1852, urging immediate action, this was followed by a visit from HD Seymour, Chairman of the Indian Reform Society, leading to the formation of the Torture Commission in 1854. Dissolution of the organisation - The MNA was dissolved in 1867. Despite the efforts to revive it in the 1870s, it ceased to exist by 1881.
#London Indian Society - 1865 - London - Founder Dadabhai Naoroji - Of the founding group of Students included WC Banerjee, Manmohan Ghose, Pherozshah Mehta and Badruddin Tyabji by Dadabhai, It was founded by Indian Students as a forum for airing political grievances, Honorary membership was allowed for Europeans, but they could not vote or hold office, The London India Society was taken over by the East India Association in 1866, though it continued to exist in some form for a few more years.
#East India Association - 1866 -London - Founder - Dadabhai Naoroji in collaboration with Indians and retd British Officials, First President - Lord Lyveden, it superseded the London India Society, it was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India and to provide representation for Indians to the Govt. From its inception, the EIA published a journal of EIA. Udham Singh assassinated the former Governor of Punjab at the time of the Amritsar Massacre in March 1940, following a lecture delivered by Machael O'Dwyer at Caxton Hall. Merger - in 1949, the EIA merged with National Indian Association to form the Britain, India, and Pakistant Association. It merged with teh former Indian Society, now known as the Royal India, Pakistan, Ceylon Society, in 1966 to form the Royal Society for India, Pakistan and Ceylon.
#Poona Sarvajanik Sabha - April 1870 - Pune - Founders - it resulted from the labour of many great men like GV Joshi, SH Sathe, SH Chiplonkar and Mahadev Govind Ranade, Aim - The sabha was created to act as an intermediary between govt and Indians, in 1872 the sabha established a sub-committee to investigate the state's peasant and agricultural conditions and protect them from exploitation, In 1876, the sabha organised famine relief in Deccan region, it set up arbitration courts for the private settlement of civil disputes in order to save people from the high costs of litigation, in 1875, the sabha petitioned the House of Commons for Indian Representation in the British Parliament.
#National Indian Association (NIA) - 1870, Founder - Mary Carpenter in Bristol, with the assistance of Keshub Chunder Sen, The organisation's full name was originally 'Natinoal Indian Association in Aid of Social Progress in India', The initial Goal of this Organisation was to promote female education in India. They also attempted to educate and inform the British on Indian Issues, As the no. of Indians in Britain grew, it became more important to facilitate social interaction between Indian visitors and British Residents
#Indian League - 1875 - Founder - Sisir Kumar Ghose - Aim - The league aspired to represent not only the middle class but the masses as well and to stimulate a sense of nationalism among the people.
#Indian National Association - 1876 - Founder - Surendranath Banerjee & Ananda Mohan Bose - In 1875 Sisir Kumar Ghosh & Sambhu Charan Mukherjee founded 'The India League to represent the middle class and foster a sense of nationalism among the people. The Indian National Association was founded as the Bharat Sabha, and its first annual conference was held in Calcutta. In 1886, this organisation merged with the Indian Natinoal Congress. Aim - establish a powerful public opinion on political issues, bring Indians together behind a common political agenda, It opposed the removal of the age limit for Indian Civil Service candidates in 1877. The organisation advocated for concurrent civil service examinations in both England and India, as well as the Indianisation of higher administrative positions, The Indian National Association superheaded an effort to repeal the repressive Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act.
#Madras Mahajan Sabha - Founded in May 1884. - Place: Madras - Founded by M Veeraraghavachariar, G Subramania Iyer, and P Ananda Charlu. - First president: P Rangaiah Naidu - Aim: As stated at the Adayar Theosophical Society conference, the goal is to free the country from British rule and to resolve national issues. - The Sabha has advocated for a variety of measures while remaining moderate, including tax reduction, cuts in government and military spending, abolition of the Council of India in London, concurrent Civil Service exams in England and India, fundamental rights for its fellow citizens, such as national freedom. - The Madras Mahajana Sabha launched the Salt Satyagraha in George Town in April 1930.
#Bombay Presidency Association - 1885 - Founder - Pherozshah Mehta, KT Telang, Badruddin Tyabji - It was founded in response to Lytton's reactionary policies and the Ilbert Bill controversy, The association always had cordial relations with Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, in Sep 1885, the Bombay Presidency Association, Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Madras Mahajan Sabha, and Indian Association of Calcutta sent a joint deputation to England to present India's case to the British electorate, the delegation was led by N Chandavarkar of Bombay, Ramaswami Mudaliar of Madras, the Manmohan Ghosh of Calcutta, THe Triumvirate' or the Three Stars of Bombay's public life were Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta, and Kashinath Telang.
Social Service League - NM Joshi - All India Trade Union Congress 31 Oct 1920, Lala Lajpat Rai joined, Joseph Baptista, Diwan Chamanlal also joined.
#Servants of India Society - GK Gokhle - Political Guru of Gandhi
#Seva Samiti - HN Kunzru
#Social Reform Association - Veeresalingam Pantulu 1878 - Rennsiance in Telugu
#Swaraj should be for common people not only for classes - Chittranjan R Das - Deshbandhu - India for Indians - Joined MLN and decided to form Swaraj Party in 1922 in Gaya Session of Congress and formed Swaraj Party on 01 Jan 1923, CR Das was president and MLN was secretary
Swaraj Party formation reasons
-failure of the Non cooperation movement (which was started on 01 Aug 1920 for Independence in one year)
-Swaraj Party formed on 01 Jan 1923
-Entering in the council and resection the Govt of India Act 1919 by don't let them work
Chronology of Events
04 Feb 1922 - Chauri Chaura Incident
11 - 12 Feb 1922 Bardoli Resolutions - (Bardoli in Gujarat)
12 Feb 1922 - Suspension of Non Cooperation Movement after Bardoli Resolution
1928 - Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel - Bardoli Satyagrah - Women support -
Objectives of Khilafat Movement
started in 1919 by two persons - Mohd Ali and Shaukat Ali (Ali brothers)
Turkish Sultan was dethroned.
To rouse anti-British feelings among the muslim of India.
To save the Ottoman empire and preserve the Khilafat.
- First factory in 1613 - Surat - Permission sought by William Hawkins in Durbar of Jahangir - He did not get permission. However, Thomas Roe got the permission later on.
-First Factory in Masulipatnam
#Pondicherry -
-The first European power to occupy Pondicherry were the Portuguese
-Second to occupy Dutch
-English captured Pondicherry in 1793
-1954 we captured from French
chronology 18th Century battles
-1749 - Battle of Ambur - Chanda Sahi + Muzaffar Jung + French against Anbaruddin and win
1757 - Battle of Plassey against Robert Clive win and lost by Siraj Ud Daula
-1760 - Wandiwash - Count de lally french side - british General Eyrecoote
-1764 Battle of Buxar - against Hector Munro
Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta in 1784 - William Jones
Matching
Buxar 1764 - Sujauddaula Shah Alam Mir Qasim vs EIC
Wandiwash 1760 - French v EIC
Khurda War 1795 - Maratha v Nizam and nizam lost
Chilianwala 1849 Battle - Sikh v Dalhousie
Match -
Vasco da gama - Portugene
Christopher Columbus - Spain
Captain Cook - Britain
Tasman - Holland
Carnatic Wars -
1st - 1740-48 - Treaty of Aix La chapelle
2nd 1749-54 - None won
3rd 1758-63 - Paris Peace Conference
1st Mysore war - 1767-69 - Haider Ali won and British lost
French failed to establish power in Deccan - The English had a strong army (navy basically).
Pondicherry - French
Goa - Portuguese
Tranqebar - Danish
Sadras - Dutch
Treaty of Allahabad 1765
Treaty of Madras 1769 - Haider Ali won and British lost
Treaty of Salbai - 1782 - Maratha v British -
Treaty of Mangalore - 1784 - 2nd Anglo War - Tipu v British
Maharaja Rnajit singh set up modern foundries to manufacture cannons at Lahore
Sultan Tipu of Mysore gave money for the construction of the idol of Goddess Sharda in the Shringeri Temple
Sawai Jai Singh of Amber had Euclid's Elements of Geometry Translated into Sanskrit.
-Deindustrialisaiton
-started in 1813
-Abolotion of monopoly trade rights of EIC aggravated the process
1833 - Saint Helena Act
Contribution by Dadabhai Naorojii (Grand Old Man of India) to the cause of Indian National Movement
-exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British - poverty and unbritish rule in india, drain of wealth, economic exploitation
- 1892 - House of Common, elected through Liberal Party from Finsberry, Rastguftar paper written by him
Swami Dayanand Saraswati - Swami Vivekananda (19th Century People)
-interpreted the ancient Indian texts and restored the self-confidence of Indians
-stressed the need for eradication of all the social evils before anything else
Correctly explains & the impact of industrial revolution on India during the first half of 19th century
-Indian Handicrafts were ruined
History of India
Aurang - Warehouse
Banian - Indian Agent of the EIC
Mirasidar -- designated revenue payer to the State
Drain Theory of Dadabhai Naoroji
-A part of Indian national wealth or total annual product was being exported to Britain for which India got no material resources.
Economic critic of colonialism in India - Dadabhai Naoroji, G Subramania Iyer, RC Dutt
1917- montague deceleration (self govt)
GoI 1919 - montague chelmford reforms, self govt for. 10 yrs,, after 10 yrs they will set up a commussion, reserved and transfer subjects, reserved and transfer subjects, bicameral legislature, 1916- lucknow pact, rowlatt act - 1919
never joined inc - sir sayyad ahmad
tilak said swaraj is my birthright- 1916 Lucknow session - President by AC Majumdar
Moderate + Extremist = Annie Besant 1916 Lucknow Session INC - President by AC Majumdar
Hindu + Muslim = Jinnah 1916 Lucknow Session INC ( ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity)- President by AC Majumdar
1905 - baras session - swadeshi word - gokhle president
1906 - calcutta session - swaraj - dadabhai naoroji
1907 - surat - moderate extremist divided - moderates demanded Ras Bihari Bose to be president extremist demanded Lala Lajpat Rai to be president
annie besant first to join congress in 1917.- calcutta session
sarojini naidu first Indian to join inc - kanpur session as chairperson - 1925
cr das was in jail when president of inc - 1921 session ahmedabad- hakim azmal khan presided then
ao hume was father of inc and not president
George Yule was first president of inc - allahabad session 1888
Madras session 1894 - Alfred Webb was the president of INC
servants of India society- 1905- gk gokhle
1916-annie beasent ( home rule movement)
home rule league - self government
1914 - tilak came from mandalay jail and assume leadership
education in vernacular language
two home rule league movements
1. BG Tilak at poona in apr 1916
2. Annie Beasant at London in June 1916 and madras in Sep 1916
Bg tilak organisation president was Joseph bapista and secretary is nc kelkar
Newspapers
maratha(eng) and kesari(marathi) -tilak
new india and common weal-Annie B
Shyam ji Krishna verma, bhikaji cama set up home rule league society in London in 1905
Lala Lajpat rai statred home rule movement in america (New york) in 1917
Valentine shirole wrote a book Father of Indian Unrest on BG Tilak
Lucknow pact -1916
INC united= moderate + extremists
INC president = AC majumdar
hindu-muslim unity
INC accepted separate electorates
legislative council For 5 yrs
First Non Cooperation movement-Kheda Satyagraha (1918)
First Civil Disobedience movement - champaran satyagraha (1917) - abolish tinkathia system (problems of indigo planters)
First hunger strike - Ahmedabad mikl strike (1918) - discontinuation of plague bonus - demanded 35% hike in workers wages
Jallianwala Bagh massacare -1919 apr 13
the governor of Punjab, Michael of Dwyer supported the massacare.He was shotdead by udham singh in london in 1940 .
RN tagore renounced knighthood title
Gandhi ji renounced kesari hind title
Montague(secretary of state) chelmsford(governor general) reforms -1919
responsible Government
Magna Carta of India
Diarchy introduced
reserved lists- finance,law andorder, irrigation etc
transfer lists - education, health, public works etc
size of legislative assembly increased with 70% of the members being elected
1919-22 Khilafat Movement
maulana mohammed ali and shaukat ali jauhar (jauhar brothers)
maulana abul kalam azad , mukhtar ansari
